Famílias da Terra Indígena Maró fazem acampamento contra derrubada de árvores
4 de novembro de 2014 por Lilian Campelo
Ação é organizada em resposta ao corte de 15 árvores na TI, todas de alto valor comercial. Comunidade cobra demarcação do território há quase 15 anos.
Fonte: Assessoria de Comunicação da Terra de Direitos
Cerca de 30 famílias das etnias Borari e Arapium da Terra Indígena (TI) Maró, município de Santarém/PA, estão acampadas há cerca de cinco dias em área que está sendo desmatada por madeireiros. A ocupação retoma uma parte da TI que havia sido apropriada pela fazenda Curitiba. A ação é organizada em resposta ao corte de 15 árvores na TI, todas de alto valor comercial, como maçaranduba, jatobá, ipê, amarelão, itauba, uxi e pequiá. Os indígenas trancaram a estrada que corta o território tradicional e serve de via de transporte ilegal de toras.
O corte foi feito em área pleiteada por Celso José Hoffman, que conseguiu Autorizações para Exploração Florestal (AUTEF 2974/2014) via Secretaria Estadual de Meio Ambiente – SEMA. Pelo menos 50% do Projeto de Manejo do madeireiro está dentro da TI, o que é juridicamente ilegal, por ser violação ao direitos garantidos na Convenção 169 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho – OIT. O processo de demarcação da Terra Indígena ainda está em andamento e o mapa do território foi publicado em 2011 no Diário Oficial, sendo, portanto, disponível a todos os órgãos ambientais.
Pedro Martins, assessor jurídico da Terra de Direitos que acompanha do caso, aponta que a SEMA autorizou mais de 10 explorações florestais desde 2007 na área indígena. “Os órgãos ambientais insistem na desconsideração dos direitos indígenas sob o pretexto de a área não estar demarcada, o que não se sustenta no ordenamento jurídico que abarcou a Convenção 169 da OIT.”
No dia 31 de outubro, os madeireiros que atuam na região não compareceram a uma reunião marcada com lideranças indígenas. A conversa foi reagendada para o dia 1º de novembro, mas os empresários novamente faltaram. A partir de mensagem enviada pelos empresários, o encontro foi remarcado para esta quarta-feira (5). O caso já foi denunciado pela Terra de Direitos à Fundação Nacional do Índio – FUNAI, ao Ministério Público Estadual – MPE e ao Ministério Público Federal – MPF. Até o momento, não houve resposta. A Terra de Direitos também vai entrar com representação no MPE e MPF contra as madeireiras.
“O nosso objetivo não é negociação de madeira”, afirma o cacique Dadá Borari. A reivindicação da comunidade é por indenização pelos dados causados na área e por danos morais. Os indígenas requerem o cancelamento do Plano de Manejo e paralisação imediata da exploração de madeira dentro da Terra Indígena.
As lideranças cobram um posicionamento do poder público em favor da preservação da floresta e das comunidades. “Já denunciamos isso há muito tempo, e até hoje nós não tivemos uma resposta. Até hoje continua do mesmo jeito, tirando sete, depois tiram 15 [árvores], e vão roubando toda a riqueza dos meus netos e dos meus filhos”, lamenta. Higino Borari, primeiro Cacique da Aldeia Novo Lugar. “Aqui é meu pão de cada dia”, completa o indígena.
Para a população Borari e Arapium, a derrubada das árvores é uma agressão ao modo de vida, por se tratar de espécies que contribuem para a medicina tradicional e para a sobrevivência dos animais, base da alimentação das famílias. Edith Borari utiliza plantas medicinais nativas. “Eu que trabalho com medicina tradicional preciso dos nossos remédios, que temos aí na natureza”.
Edith faz um apelo aos órgãos competentes para que resolvam o conflito. “Antes estavam ao redor da nossa área, agora estão dentro, estão desmatando […]. Nós queremos apoio para a demarcação da nossa área. Já chega da gente estar sofrendo”.
Edith Borari
A conivência do próprio Estado na exploração indevida de madeira na região ocorre também em outros casos, com autorizações de Planos de Manejo que afetam diretamente os costumes e a sobrevivência das etnias indígenas. Atuam na região as empresas Rondobel Ltda, Grupo Mundo Verde, ARCA Indústria e Madeira Ltda (com sede em Tomé Açu/PA), além do madeireiro Marco Schmidt.
Na rota da devastação
O território da Terra Indígena Maró está cravado em uma região de alto potencial de recursos naturais e pela diversidade de povos tradicionais. Mede 42.373 hectares, derivados de terras devolutas de competência do estado do Pará. A área reúne cerca de 250 habitantes em três aldeias: Novo Lugar, Cachoeira do Maró e São José III.
Ameaças
Enquanto o reconhecimento como Território Indígena não se concretiza, as tensões sociais só aumentam com invasores, fazendeiros e madeireiros. Lideranças comunitárias vivem sob ameaça de morte e sofrem violações de direitos humanos fundamentais por defenderem a preservação da floresta.
Em novembro de 2009, uma mobilização comunitária reteve e queimou duas balsas carregadas de madeira com indícios de irregularidade. Em decorrência da ação, o cacique Dadá Borari passou a sofrer ameaças de morte e atualmente vive sob proteção policial e com acompanhamento do Programa de Proteção a Defensores de Direitos Humanos da Secretaria de Direitos da Presidência da República.
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